RONALD HENRY HASKINS (grave 71)

I was born in Perth, Western Australia and educated at St Patrick’s School in Inglewood, leaving at the age of 14. I was the son of Henry and Olive Haskins, my father worked on the railways and in civilian life I had been a clerk to the City Accountant.

I enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force on 1st February 1942, with the intention of becoming a Clerk, in the event, I was selected to become an Air Gunner.

The Avro Lancaster was a development of the ill-fated Avro Manchester. The twin engine Manchester had been an unmitigated disaster, under-powered and crash prone. Undeterred, the designer Roy Chadwick increased the wingspan and added two more engines. From a disastrous start, the most legendary bomber of all time was born.

From 1942 onwards the Lancaster, together with the Handley Page Halifax, provided the backbone of bomber command. Equipped with four Rolls Royce Merlin engines, the same engine which powered the equally legendary Spitfire, the Lancaster could deliver 18,000 lbs of bombs to targets up to 2500miles away. Later versions of the Lancaster carried even bigger specialist bombs designed by Barnes Wallis of Dambusters fame.

During the Second World War, The Lancaster conducted a total of 156,000 sorties and dropped 608,612 tons (618,378,000 kg) of bombs. A total of 7377 Lancasters were built, of which 3736 were lost to enemy action and accidents.

Today, only 17 complete Lancasters survive, with just two flying examples. The Battle of Britain Memorial Flight’s PA474 and the Canadian Warplane Heritage’s FM213.

Crew: 7
Span: 102 ft
Length: 69 ft 6 in (tail up)
Height: 20 ft 6 in (tail up)
Empty weight: 37,000 lbs
Loaded weight: 65,000 lbs
Engine: 4 x Rolls-Royce Merlin 24 V-12 engines
Engine power: 1,620 hp at 3,000 rpm (1,208 kW)
Maximum speed: 275 mph
Range: 2,530 miles with 7,000 lbs of bombs
Ceiling: 22,000 ft
8 x .303-caliber machine guns
18,000 lbs of bombs

I was an Air Gunner on this aircraft, it was my job to lookout for and defend against attacks from enemy fighters.

57 Squadron was formed on 8th June 1916 as part of the Royal Flying Corps, initially as a training unit. By October of the same year, they received their first operational type, the Royal Aircraft Factory FE2d, with which they would fly fighter reconnaissance missions in France.

The pace of aviation technological development was rapid and by the middle of 1917, the FE2d was obsolete and the squadron suffered severe losses, on one occasion losing 5 aircraft in a single mission. The situation was only reversed when the squadron received the more advanced Airco DH 4 and switched to a bombing role. Following the end of hostilities, the squadron was disbanded on 31st December 1919.

57 Squadron reformed on 20th October 1931, flying the Hawker Hart in the light bomber role. As the world moved closer to war, they converted to the Bristol Blenheim, a type though by the RAF to be on the cutting edge of light bombers. In reality, it was already obsolete at the outbreak of war and by November 1940, they were flying the Vickers Wellington from RAF Feltwell. In September 1942, they moved to Scampton and converted to the Avro Lancaster, with which they were to fight the remainder of the war.

In the post war years, they first flew the Avro Lincoln, before entering the jet age with the English Electric Canberra. They next moved on to the nuclear armed Handley Page Victor, holding Britain’s nuclear deterrent. When this was passed to the Royal navy, the Victors were used in the air-to-air refuelling role, famously providing fuel to the Vulcans that undertook the Blackbuck missions during the Falklands War.

We were returning from an eight-hour bombing mission to Milan, Northern Italy in Lancaster JA896 of 57 Squadron. It had been our first operational flight and tragically it would also turn out to be his last.

The Guard of Honour assembles at RAF Scampton.

It was just after 4:30 in the morning and we were already in trouble. The port outer engine had failed and to reduce the drag created by a dead engine, the propeller blades were turned edge on to the airflow, in a process known as feathering. Later investigation would show that the engine had suffered some form of over-heating, although the exact nature of the problem was never determined.

The burial service for Jack Smithers and Ronald Haskins.

A landing with a failed engine is difficult at the best of times, but after a harrowing eight-hour mission it was so much more demanding for a tired pilot. On landing, the Lancaster hit the ground very heavily and bounced. Electing to go around for another approach Jack was too hasty in applying the power. Due to having only three engines there was much greater power on the starboard wing. The aircraft then began to veer to port, a well understood phenomenon, known to the pilots of the day as swing.

Our aircraft’s port wing then struck the ground and spun the aircraft through 180 degrees. Such was the speed of the aircraft that it flipped inverted and caught fire, killing five of its crew and injuring two others in the process. The 57 Squadron accident report summed up as follows:

Where Next
Visit Lancaster PA474 at the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight RAF Coningsby.

BBMF Visitor Centre, Dogdyke Road, Coningsby, LN4 4SY Telephone: 01522 782040